{
  "id": "term-york-antwerp-regeln",
  "type": "term",
  "languages": {
    "en": {
      "id": "term-york-antwerp-regeln",
      "lang": "en",
      "type": "term",
      "title": "York-Antwerp Rules (York-Antwerp-Regeln)",
      "shortDefinition": "The York-Antwerp Rules are the internationally recognized, privately agreed set of rules for the uniform calculation and apportionment of general average losses in maritime shipping.",
      "synonyms": [
        "York-Antwerp-Regeln",
        "YAR"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "Marine"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [],
      "tags": [
        "Transport Insurance",
        "Maritime Law"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [
          "term-havarie-grosse",
          "term-cargo"
        ],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
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      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-08-31",
      "generated": {
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        "at": "2026-08-31T00:00:00.000Z"
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      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/term/york-antwerp-rules/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/begriff/york-antwerp-regeln/",
      "body": "## Concept\n\nThe York-Antwerp Rules are the internationally recognized, privately agreed set of rules for the uniform calculation and apportionment of general average losses in maritime shipping. They define which losses, damages, and expenditures are recognized as general average and the procedure by which these are apportioned proportionally among ship, cargo, and freight interests.\n\n## Origin and Development\n\nThe rules originate from international conferences held in York (1864) and Antwerp (1877), which sought to establish a uniform practice in place of the previously highly inconsistent treatment of general average across different jurisdictions. Since then, the York-Antwerp Rules have been revised several times by the Comité Maritime International (CMI), most notably in the 1994, 2004, and 2016 versions, with each revision addressing changes in trading practice and disputed issues arising from the preceding rules.\n\n## Contractual Application and Relevance for Transport Insurance\n\nThe York-Antwerp Rules have no direct statutory force but instead become part of the contract through express incorporation into the bill of lading or charterparty, which is almost universally the case in international maritime shipping practice. For hull insurers of the vessel and cargo insurers of the goods, they therefore form the binding calculation basis on which a general average adjustment prepared by an average adjuster determines the proportional apportionment of costs in a general average event."
    },
    "de": {
      "id": "term-york-antwerp-regeln",
      "lang": "de",
      "type": "term",
      "title": "York-Antwerp-Regeln (York-Antwerp Rules)",
      "shortDefinition": "Die York-Antwerp-Regeln sind das international massgebliche, privatrechtlich vereinbarte Regelwerk zur einheitlichen Berechnung und Verteilung von Havarie-Grosse-Schäden in der Seeschifffahrt.",
      "synonyms": [
        "York-Antwerp Rules",
        "YAR"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "Marine"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [],
      "tags": [
        "Transportversicherung",
        "Seerecht"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [
          "term-havarie-grosse",
          "term-cargo"
        ],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": null,
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-08-31",
      "generated": {
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        "at": "2026-08-31T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
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      ],
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      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/begriff/york-antwerp-regeln/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/term/york-antwerp-rules/",
      "body": "## Begriff\n\nDie York-Antwerp-Regeln sind das international massgebliche, privatrechtlich vereinbarte Regelwerk zur einheitlichen Berechnung und Verteilung von Havarie-Grosse-Schäden in der Seeschifffahrt. Sie legen fest, welche Verluste, Schäden und Aufwendungen als Havarie-Grosse anerkannt werden und nach welchem Verfahren diese proportional auf Schiff, Ladung und Frachtinteressen umgelegt werden.\n\n## Entstehung und Weiterentwicklung\n\nDie Regeln gehen auf internationale Konferenzen in York (1864) und Antwerpen (1877) zurück, die eine einheitliche Praxis für die zuvor stark uneinheitliche Handhabung der Havarie-Grosse in verschiedenen Rechtsordnungen schaffen sollten. Seither wurden die York-Antwerp-Regeln durch das Comité Maritime International (CMI) mehrfach überarbeitet, zuletzt unter anderem in den Fassungen von 1994, 2004 und 2016, wobei jede Neufassung Anpassungen an veränderte Handelspraktiken und Streitfragen der Vorgängerregelungen vornimmt.\n\n## Vertragliche Geltung und Bedeutung für die Transportversicherung\n\nDie York-Antwerp-Regeln entfalten keine unmittelbare gesetzliche Geltung, sondern werden durch ausdrückliche Bezugnahme im Konnossement oder Chartervertrag zum Vertragsbestandteil erklärt, was in der internationalen Seeschifffahrtspraxis nahezu durchgängig der Fall ist. Für Kaskoversicherer des Schiffes und Warenversicherer der Ladung bilden sie damit die verbindliche Berechnungsgrundlage, nach der ein von einem Dispacheur erstelltes Dispache-Verfahren die anteilige Kostenverteilung im Havarie-Grosse-Fall ermittelt."
    }
  }
}