{
  "id": "riskg-emergency-power",
  "type": "risk-guideline",
  "languages": {
    "en": {
      "id": "riskg-emergency-power",
      "lang": "en",
      "type": "risk-guideline",
      "title": "Emergency Power Supply and UPS",
      "shortDefinition": "Emergency power systems and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) keep critical processes and life-safety systems running during a mains failure; their reliability depends largely on regular load testing and proper battery maintenance.",
      "synonyms": [
        "Standby generator",
        "Uninterruptible power supply"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "Property",
        "Engineering"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [
        "Global"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Security",
        "Risk assessment"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [
          "riskg-transformers",
          "riskg-lithium-ion-batteries"
        ],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [
          "cov-business-interruption",
          "cov-maschinenversicherung"
        ],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": null,
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [
        "NFPA 110 – Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems"
      ],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-09-01",
      "generated": {
        "by": "cursor-agent/claude-sonnet-5",
        "at": "2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "verified": [
        {
          "by": "human:ghesse",
          "at": "2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z",
          "method": null
        }
      ],
      "staleAfter": null,
      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/risk-engineering/emergency-power-supply/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/risk-engineering/notstromversorgung/",
      "body": "## Function and hazard\n\nStandby generators and UPS systems bridge mains failures for life-safety systems (fire detection and suppression, emergency lighting, IT) as well as for production processes whose uncontrolled shutdown would cause consequential damage. The most common failure cause is not the absence of the system but its lack of operational readiness: discharged or aged batteries, degraded diesel fuel, faulty automatic transfer switches, or a rating that no longer matches the actual load profile.\n\n## Operation and testing\n\nAn effective programme includes regular load runs under realistic conditions, annual full-load tests, documented battery maintenance (internal resistance, state of charge, temperature) and periodic verification of the automatic transfer logic. For diesel sets, fuel quality and refuelling reserve are critical parameters; for UPS systems, battery life and cooling are decisive.\n\n## Insurance relevance\n\nFor business interruption and property insurers, documented operational readiness of the emergency power supply is a decisive factor in whether safety systems actually function in an event and consequential losses are contained. Untested or undersized systems are regarded as a significant weakness in the risk concept."
    },
    "de": {
      "id": "riskg-emergency-power",
      "lang": "de",
      "type": "risk-guideline",
      "title": "Notstromversorgung und USV",
      "shortDefinition": "Notstromversorgung und unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgung (USV) sichern kritische Prozesse und Sicherheitseinrichtungen bei Netzausfall ab; ihre Zuverlässigkeit hängt massgeblich von regelmässigem Probelauf unter Last und fachgerechter Batteriewartung ab.",
      "synonyms": [
        "Netzersatzanlage",
        "Unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgung"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "Sach",
        "Technische Versicherung"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [
        "Global"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Sicherheitstechnik",
        "Risikobewertung"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [
          "riskg-transformers",
          "riskg-lithium-ion-batteries"
        ],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [
          "cov-business-interruption",
          "cov-maschinenversicherung"
        ],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": null,
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [
        "NFPA 110 – Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems"
      ],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-09-01",
      "generated": {
        "by": "cursor-agent/claude-sonnet-5",
        "at": "2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "verified": [
        {
          "by": "human:ghesse",
          "at": "2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z",
          "method": null
        }
      ],
      "staleAfter": null,
      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/risk-engineering/notstromversorgung/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/risk-engineering/emergency-power-supply/",
      "body": "## Funktion und Gefährdung\n\nNotstromaggregate und USV-Anlagen überbrücken Netzausfälle für sicherheitsrelevante Systeme (Brandmelde- und Löschanlagen, Notbeleuchtung, IT) sowie für Produktionsprozesse, deren unkontrollierter Abbruch Folgeschäden verursachen würde. Häufigste Ausfallursache ist nicht das Fehlen der Anlage, sondern ihre mangelnde Betriebsbereitschaft: entladene oder gealterte Batterien, verharzter Dieseltreibstoff, defekte automatische Transferschalter oder eine Bemessung, die dem tatsächlichen Lastprofil nicht mehr entspricht.\n\n## Betrieb und Prüfung\n\nEin wirksames Programm umfasst regelmässige Probeläufe unter realer Last, jährliche Volllasttests, dokumentierte Batteriewartung (Innenwiderstand, Ladezustand, Temperatur) sowie eine periodische Überprüfung der automatischen Umschaltlogik. Für Dieselaggregate sind Kraftstoffqualität und Betankungsreserve, für USV-Anlagen die Batterielebensdauer und Kühlung kritische Parameter.\n\n## Versicherungsrelevanz\n\nFür Betriebsunterbrechungs- und Sachversicherer ist die dokumentierte Betriebsbereitschaft der Notstromversorgung ein entscheidender Faktor, ob Sicherheitssysteme im Ereignisfall tatsächlich funktionieren und Folgeschäden begrenzt werden. Ungeprüfte oder unterdimensionierte Anlagen gelten als wesentliche Schwachstelle im Risikokonzept."
    }
  }
}