{
  "id": "clause-territorial-scope-reinsurance",
  "type": "clause",
  "languages": {
    "en": {
      "id": "clause-territorial-scope-reinsurance",
      "lang": "en",
      "type": "clause",
      "title": "Territorial Scope Clause (Reinsurance)",
      "shortDefinition": "The territorial scope clause limits the geographic reach of a reinsurance treaty to specified countries or regions and addresses the treatment of cross-border risks.",
      "synonyms": [
        "Geographical scope clause"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "Reinsurance"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [
        "Global"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Reinsurance",
        "Territorial scope"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [
          "term-treaty-reinsurance",
          "term-facultative-reinsurance"
        ],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [
          "term-treaty-reinsurance"
        ],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": {
        "kind": "definition",
        "origin": "reinsurance-market",
        "favours": "insurer",
        "negotiability": "negotiable",
        "standardWordings": []
      },
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-09-03",
      "generated": {
        "by": "cursor-agent/claude-sonnet-5",
        "at": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "verified": [
        {
          "by": "human:ghesse",
          "at": "2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z",
          "method": null
        }
      ],
      "staleAfter": null,
      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/clause/territorial-scope-clause-reinsurance/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/klausel/territoriale-geltungsklausel-rueckversicherung/",
      "body": "## Purpose\n\nReinsurers calculate accumulation risk, regulatory requirements and natural catastrophe exposure on a country-specific basis. The territorial scope clause therefore specifies the geographic areas for which the treaty provides cover, and excludes or subjects to special conditions risks located outside that area.\n\n## Effect and limits\n\nFor internationally active cedents, it must be clarified whether the boundary refers to the policyholder's domicile, the location of the insured interest, or the location of the loss event – these connecting factors can diverge for globally distributed risks. The clause interacts closely with sanctions and regulatory exclusions, for example for countries under trade embargoes.\n\n## Negotiation and practice\n\nFor group programmes with subsidiaries in several countries, a precise definition is essential to avoid coverage gaps for cross-border losses. A positive list of approved countries is often combined with a catch-all provision for newly added countries."
    },
    "de": {
      "id": "clause-territorial-scope-reinsurance",
      "lang": "de",
      "type": "clause",
      "title": "Territoriale Geltungsklausel (Rückversicherung)",
      "shortDefinition": "Die territoriale Geltungsklausel begrenzt den räumlichen Anwendungsbereich eines Rückversicherungsvertrags auf bestimmte Länder oder Regionen und regelt den Umgang mit grenzüberschreitenden Risiken.",
      "synonyms": [
        "Territorialklausel"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "Rückversicherung"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [
        "Global"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Rückversicherung",
        "Geltungsbereich"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [
          "term-treaty-reinsurance",
          "term-facultative-reinsurance"
        ],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [
          "term-treaty-reinsurance"
        ],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": {
        "kind": "definition",
        "origin": "reinsurance-market",
        "favours": "insurer",
        "negotiability": "negotiable",
        "standardWordings": []
      },
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-09-03",
      "generated": {
        "by": "cursor-agent/claude-sonnet-5",
        "at": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "verified": [
        {
          "by": "human:ghesse",
          "at": "2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z",
          "method": null
        }
      ],
      "staleAfter": null,
      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/klausel/territoriale-geltungsklausel-rueckversicherung/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/clause/territorial-scope-clause-reinsurance/",
      "body": "## Zweck\n\nRückversicherer kalkulieren Kumulrisiken, aufsichtsrechtliche Anforderungen und Naturgefahrenexponierung länderspezifisch. Die territoriale Geltungsklausel legt deshalb fest, für welche geografischen Gebiete der Vertrag Deckung bietet, und schliesst Risiken ausserhalb dieses Gebiets aus oder unterstellt sie besonderen Bedingungen.\n\n## Wirkung und Grenzen\n\nBei international tätigen Zedenten ist zu klären, ob sich die Begrenzung auf den Sitz des Versicherungsnehmers, den Ort des versicherten Interesses oder den Ort des Schadenereignisses bezieht – diese Anknüpfungspunkte können bei global verteilten Risiken auseinanderfallen. Die Klausel wirkt eng mit sanktions- und aufsichtsrechtlichen Ausschlüssen zusammen, etwa bei Ländern mit Handelsembargos.\n\n## Verhandlung und Praxis\n\nBei Konzernprogrammen mit Tochtergesellschaften in mehreren Ländern ist eine präzise Definition unerlässlich, um Deckungslücken bei grenzüberschreitenden Schäden zu vermeiden. Häufig wird eine Positivliste zugelassener Länder mit einer Auffangklausel für neue Länder kombiniert."
    }
  }
}