{
  "id": "clause-sanctions",
  "type": "clause",
  "languages": {
    "en": {
      "id": "clause-sanctions",
      "lang": "en",
      "type": "clause",
      "title": "Sanctions Clause",
      "shortDefinition": "The sanctions clause clarifies that the insurer provides no cover and makes no payment to the extent that doing so would expose it to economic sanctions or embargoes.",
      "synonyms": [
        "Sanctions Limitation and Exclusion Clause"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "All lines",
        "Reinsurance"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [
        "EU",
        "CH",
        "Global"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Compliance",
        "Exclusions"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [
          "term-treaty-reinsurance",
          "term-haftungsausschluss",
          "term-musterbedingungen"
        ],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [
          "cov-property-all-risks",
          "cov-cyber"
        ],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": {
        "kind": "exclusion",
        "origin": "london-market",
        "favours": "insurer",
        "negotiability": "standard",
        "standardWordings": [
          "LMA3100",
          "LMA3100A",
          "LMA3200"
        ]
      },
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.3.0",
      "updated": "2026-09-03",
      "generated": {
        "by": "cursor-agent/claude-sonnet-5",
        "at": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "verified": [
        {
          "by": "human:ghesse",
          "at": "2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z",
          "method": null
        }
      ],
      "staleAfter": null,
      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/clause/sanctions-clause/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/klausel/sanktionsklausel/",
      "body": "## Purpose\n\nInsurers are subject to the sanctions regimes of their home and business countries (for example UN, EU, US OFAC, Swiss SECO). The clause prevents contractual payment obligations from colliding with mandatory sanctions law and protects the insurer from fines and loss of licence.\n\n## Effect and limits\n\nThe clause suspends cover and payments to the extent, and for as long as, a sanctions rule is engaged. It therefore does not act as a general exclusion but situationally – depending on parties, goods, territories and applicable law. The versions LMA3100A and LMA3200 published in 2023 clarify that this is a suspension, not a permanent exclusion; LMA3200 is additionally drafted as a condition to improve enforceability in civil-law jurisdictions (e.g. France).\n\n## Negotiation and practice\n\nInternationally active companies should check which sanctions law the clause references (only mandatorily applicable law, or also US law without a US nexus) and which version (LMA3100/3100A/3200) is used – this significantly affects coverage certainty for deliveries into sensitive markets."
    },
    "de": {
      "id": "clause-sanctions",
      "lang": "de",
      "type": "clause",
      "title": "Sanktionsklausel",
      "shortDefinition": "Die Sanktionsklausel stellt klar, dass der Versicherer keine Deckung gewährt und keine Zahlung leistet, soweit er sich damit Wirtschaftssanktionen oder Embargos aussetzen würde.",
      "synonyms": [
        "Sanctions Limitation and Exclusion Clause"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "Alle Sparten",
        "Rückversicherung"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [
        "EU",
        "CH",
        "Global"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Compliance",
        "Ausschlüsse"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [
          "term-treaty-reinsurance",
          "term-haftungsausschluss",
          "term-musterbedingungen"
        ],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [
          "cov-property-all-risks",
          "cov-cyber"
        ],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": {
        "kind": "exclusion",
        "origin": "london-market",
        "favours": "insurer",
        "negotiability": "standard",
        "standardWordings": [
          "LMA3100",
          "LMA3100A",
          "LMA3200"
        ]
      },
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.3.0",
      "updated": "2026-09-03",
      "generated": {
        "by": "cursor-agent/claude-sonnet-5",
        "at": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "verified": [
        {
          "by": "human:ghesse",
          "at": "2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z",
          "method": null
        }
      ],
      "staleAfter": null,
      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/klausel/sanktionsklausel/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/clause/sanctions-clause/",
      "body": "## Zweck\n\nVersicherer unterliegen den Sanktionsregimen ihrer Sitz- und Geschäftsländer (etwa UN, EU, US-OFAC, SECO). Die Klausel verhindert, dass vertragliche Leistungspflichten mit zwingendem Sanktionsrecht kollidieren, und schützt den Versicherer vor Bussen und Lizenzverlust.\n\n## Wirkung und Grenzen\n\nDie Klausel suspendiert Deckung und Zahlungen, soweit und solange eine Sanktionsnorm betroffen ist. Sie wirkt also nicht als genereller Ausschluss, sondern situativ – abhängig von Parteien, Gütern, Territorien und anwendbarem Recht. Die 2023 veröffentlichten Fassungen LMA3100A und LMA3200 stellen klar, dass es sich um eine Suspendierung, nicht um einen dauerhaften Ausschluss handelt; LMA3200 ist zusätzlich als Bedingung formuliert, um die Durchsetzbarkeit in zivilrechtlichen Rechtsordnungen (z.B. Frankreich) zu verbessern.\n\n## Verhandlung und Praxis\n\nInternational tätige Unternehmen sollten prüfen, welches Sanktionsrecht die Klausel referenziert (nur zwingend anwendbares oder auch US-Recht ohne US-Nexus) und welche Fassung (LMA3100/3100A/3200) verwendet wird – das beeinflusst die Deckungssicherheit von Lieferungen in sensitive Märkte erheblich."
    }
  }
}