{
  "id": "clause-loss-occurrence-definition",
  "type": "clause",
  "languages": {
    "en": {
      "id": "clause-loss-occurrence-definition",
      "lang": "en",
      "type": "clause",
      "title": "Loss Occurrence Definition Clause",
      "shortDefinition": "The loss occurrence definition clause specifies which individual losses count as a single loss occurrence for the purposes of the retention and limit under an excess of loss treaty.",
      "synonyms": [
        "Occurrence definition clause"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "Reinsurance",
        "Natural catastrophe"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [
        "Global"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Reinsurance",
        "Natural hazards"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [
          "clause-hours",
          "term-cat-xl",
          "riskg-natural-hazards"
        ],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [
          "term-cat-xl",
          "term-nichtproportionale-rueckversicherung"
        ],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": {
        "kind": "definition",
        "origin": "reinsurance-market",
        "favours": "insurer",
        "negotiability": "negotiable",
        "standardWordings": []
      },
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-09-03",
      "generated": {
        "by": "cursor-agent/claude-sonnet-5",
        "at": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "verified": [
        {
          "by": "human:ghesse",
          "at": "2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z",
          "method": null
        }
      ],
      "staleAfter": null,
      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/clause/loss-occurrence-definition-clause/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/klausel/loss-occurrence-definitionsklausel/",
      "body": "## Purpose\n\nWhether several individual losses count as one occurrence or as several independent occurrences materially affects how often the retention applies and whether the limit is exhausted. The loss occurrence definition clause sets out, in the abstract, when a causal and temporal-geographic connection between individual losses is sufficient to bundle them into a single occurrence.\n\n## Effect and limits\n\nThe definition typically combines a common cause (the same natural force or loss-triggering event) with a time and geographic boundary, which is often made more precise by a supplementary hours clause. Without a precise definition, interpretation disputes between cedent and reinsurer regularly arise after major loss events.\n\n## Negotiation and practice\n\nThe clause is usually negotiated together with the hours clause and the aggregate extension clause, since all three jointly determine how the event is defined. For cat XL programmes, a clear, consistent definition across several layers is particularly important to avoid coverage gaps between layers."
    },
    "de": {
      "id": "clause-loss-occurrence-definition",
      "lang": "de",
      "type": "clause",
      "title": "Loss-Occurrence-Definitionsklausel",
      "shortDefinition": "Die Loss-Occurrence-Definitionsklausel legt fest, welche Einzelschäden für die Zwecke von Priorität und Haftungslimit eines Exzedentenvertrags als ein einziges Schadenereignis gelten.",
      "synonyms": [
        "Ereignisdefinition"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "Rückversicherung",
        "Naturgefahren"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [
        "Global"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Rückversicherung",
        "Naturgefahren"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [
          "clause-hours",
          "term-cat-xl",
          "riskg-natural-hazards"
        ],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [
          "term-cat-xl",
          "term-nichtproportionale-rueckversicherung"
        ],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": {
        "kind": "definition",
        "origin": "reinsurance-market",
        "favours": "insurer",
        "negotiability": "negotiable",
        "standardWordings": []
      },
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-09-03",
      "generated": {
        "by": "cursor-agent/claude-sonnet-5",
        "at": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "verified": [
        {
          "by": "human:ghesse",
          "at": "2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z",
          "method": null
        }
      ],
      "staleAfter": null,
      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/klausel/loss-occurrence-definitionsklausel/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/clause/loss-occurrence-definition-clause/",
      "body": "## Zweck\n\nOb mehrere Einzelschäden als ein Ereignis oder als mehrere unabhängige Ereignisse gelten, entscheidet massgeblich darüber, wie oft die Priorität zur Anwendung kommt und ob das Haftungslimit erschöpft wird. Die Loss-Occurrence-Definitionsklausel legt abstrakt fest, wann ein kausaler und zeitlich-räumlicher Zusammenhang zwischen Einzelschäden ausreicht, um sie zu einem Ereignis zu bündeln.\n\n## Wirkung und Grenzen\n\nDie Definition kombiniert typischerweise eine gemeinsame Ursache (dieselbe Naturkraft oder dasselbe schadenstiftende Ereignis) mit einer Zeit- und Ortsbegrenzung, die häufig durch eine ergänzende Stundenklausel konkretisiert wird. Fehlt eine präzise Definition, entstehen im Grossschadenfall regelmässig Auslegungsstreitigkeiten zwischen Zedent und Rückversicherer.\n\n## Verhandlung und Praxis\n\nDie Klausel wird meist zusammen mit der Stundenklausel und der Aggregate-Extension-Klausel verhandelt, da alle drei gemeinsam die Ereignisabgrenzung bestimmen. Für Cat-XL-Deckungen ist eine klare, konsistente Definition über mehrere Vertragsschichten hinweg besonders wichtig, um Deckungslücken zwischen den Schichten zu vermeiden."
    }
  }
}