{
  "id": "clause-jurisdiction-clause-international",
  "type": "clause",
  "languages": {
    "en": {
      "id": "clause-jurisdiction-clause-international",
      "lang": "en",
      "type": "clause",
      "title": "Jurisdiction Clause",
      "shortDefinition": "The jurisdiction clause determines which state courts or arbitral tribunals will hear disputes arising from an international policy, independently of the governing substantive law.",
      "synonyms": [
        "Forum Selection Clause"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "International programmes"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [
        "Global"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "International programmes"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [
          "cov-property-all-risks",
          "cov-do"
        ],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": {
        "kind": "condition",
        "origin": "london-market",
        "favours": "insurer",
        "negotiability": "negotiable",
        "standardWordings": []
      },
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-09-03",
      "generated": {
        "by": "cursor-agent/claude-sonnet-5",
        "at": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "verified": [
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      ],
      "staleAfter": null,
      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/clause/jurisdiction-clause/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/klausel/jurisdiction-clause-internationale-programme/",
      "body": "## Purpose\n\nThe jurisdiction clause specifies which state courts or arbitral bodies have authority over disputes arising from an international policy. London market insurers often prefer English courts or arbitration seated in London, since an established body of insurance-specialist case law exists there, making proceedings more predictable. The clause can be drafted as exclusive (only the named forum) or non-exclusive (additional forums remain available).\n\n## Effect and limits\n\nThe jurisdiction clause governs only the place of proceedings, not the applicable law — that is the role of the separate choice of law clause. In many jurisdictions, particularly under US consumer and insurance regulatory law, mandatory local rules can override a chosen jurisdiction clause in whole or in part, so the clause does not offer absolute certainty.\n\n## Negotiation and practice\n\nMultinational policyholders should assess whether an exclusive jurisdiction clause in favour of a single forum suits their interests or whether a non-exclusive version provides more flexibility for claims in several countries. Particular attention should be paid to the interplay with arbitration and service of suit clauses, since these mechanisms can complement or overlap with one another."
    },
    "de": {
      "id": "clause-jurisdiction-clause-international",
      "lang": "de",
      "type": "clause",
      "title": "Jurisdiction Clause (internationale Programme)",
      "shortDefinition": "Die Jurisdiction Clause bestimmt, vor welchen staatlichen Gerichten oder Schiedsgerichten Streitigkeiten aus einer internationalen Police ausgetragen werden, unabhängig vom anwendbaren materiellen Recht.",
      "synonyms": [
        "Gerichtsstandsklausel"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "Internationale Programme"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [
        "Global"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Internationale Programme"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [
          "cov-property-all-risks",
          "cov-do"
        ],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": {
        "kind": "condition",
        "origin": "london-market",
        "favours": "insurer",
        "negotiability": "negotiable",
        "standardWordings": []
      },
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-09-03",
      "generated": {
        "by": "cursor-agent/claude-sonnet-5",
        "at": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
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          "at": "2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z",
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      ],
      "staleAfter": null,
      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/klausel/jurisdiction-clause-internationale-programme/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/clause/jurisdiction-clause/",
      "body": "## Zweck\n\nDie Jurisdiction Clause legt fest, welche staatlichen Gerichte oder Schiedsstellen für Streitigkeiten aus einer internationalen Police zuständig sind. London-Market-Versicherer bevorzugen häufig englische Gerichte oder ein Schiedsverfahren in London, weil dort eine etablierte, für Versicherungsfälle spezialisierte Rechtsprechung besteht und Verfahren dadurch berechenbarer werden. Die Klausel kann exklusiv (nur das genannte Forum) oder nicht-exklusiv (zusätzliche Foren bleiben offen) ausgestaltet sein.\n\n## Wirkung und Grenzen\n\nDie Jurisdiction Clause regelt ausschliesslich den Ort des Verfahrens, nicht das anwendbare Recht – dafür ist die separate Choice-of-Law-Klausel zuständig. In vielen Rechtsordnungen, insbesondere im US-amerikanischen Verbraucher- und Versicherungsaufsichtsrecht, können zwingende lokale Vorschriften eine gewählte Gerichtsstandsklausel ganz oder teilweise verdrängen, sodass die Klausel keine absolute Sicherheit bietet.\n\n## Verhandlung und Praxis\n\nMultinationale Versicherungsnehmer sollten prüfen, ob eine exklusive Gerichtsstandsklausel zugunsten eines einzigen Forums ihren Interessen entspricht oder ob eine nicht-exklusive Fassung mehr Flexibilität bei Klagen in mehreren Ländern schafft. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit verdient das Zusammenspiel mit Arbitration- und Service-of-Suit-Klauseln, da sich diese Mechanismen ergänzen oder überschneiden können."
    }
  }
}