{
  "id": "clause-institute-war-strikes-clauses",
  "type": "clause",
  "languages": {
    "en": {
      "id": "clause-institute-war-strikes-clauses",
      "lang": "en",
      "type": "clause",
      "title": "Institute War and Strikes Clauses",
      "shortDefinition": "The Institute War and Strikes Clauses exclude war, strikes, riots and similar political perils from standard cargo cover and make them available as a separately incepted extension with its own termination mechanisms.",
      "synonyms": [],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "Marine cargo insurance"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [
        "Global"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "London Market",
        "Marine",
        "War and terrorism"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [
          "clause-war-terrorism-travel"
        ],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [
          "cov-yachtversicherung"
        ],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": {
        "kind": "exclusion",
        "origin": "london-market",
        "favours": "insurer",
        "negotiability": "standard",
        "standardWordings": [
          "Institute War Clauses (Cargo) 2009",
          "Institute Strikes Clauses (Cargo) 2009"
        ]
      },
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-09-03",
      "generated": {
        "by": "cursor-agent/claude-sonnet-5",
        "at": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "verified": [
        {
          "by": "human:ghesse",
          "at": "2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z",
          "method": null
        }
      ],
      "staleAfter": null,
      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/clause/institute-war-and-strikes-clauses/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/klausel/institute-war-and-strikes-clauses/",
      "body": "## Purpose\n\nWar, civil war, riot and strikes risks are always excluded under the Institute Cargo Clauses, since they present a fundamentally different risk profile from ordinary transit perils. The Institute War Clauses and the closely related Institute Strikes Clauses provide this protection as a distinct, separately rated extension and define in detail the scope of political and labour-related perils that are added back in.\n\n## Effect and limits\n\nAs no dedicated marine cargo coverage currently exists in the register, cov-yachtversicherung is referenced here as the nearest available object, even though the clauses were originally developed for commercial sea transport. Both sets of clauses contain an automatic termination provision on the outbreak of war between certain major powers, as well as short cancellation periods, so that cover can lapse quickly as a geopolitical situation escalates; continued cover must then be separately renegotiated.\n\n## Negotiation and practice\n\nBecause the termination mechanisms in the War Clauses are typically shorter than those of the underlying cover, cargo insureds with supply chains passing through crisis regions should check early whether automatic termination is a risk and whether alternative cover routes, for example through political risk insurers, are available. For travel and terrorism risks outside the marine sector, the related clause-war-terrorism-travel provides comparable exclusion mechanisms."
    },
    "de": {
      "id": "clause-institute-war-strikes-clauses",
      "lang": "de",
      "type": "clause",
      "title": "Institute War and Strikes Clauses",
      "shortDefinition": "Die Institute War and Strikes Clauses schliessen Kriegs-, Streik-, Unruhen- und ähnliche politische Gefahren von der Standard-Cargo-Deckung aus und stellen sie als separat einschliessbare Zusatzdeckung mit eigenen Kündigungsmechanismen bereit.",
      "synonyms": [
        "Institute War Clauses",
        "Institute Strikes Clauses"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "Transportversicherung"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [
        "Global"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "London Market",
        "Marine",
        "Krieg und Terror"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [
          "clause-war-terrorism-travel"
        ],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [
          "cov-yachtversicherung"
        ],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": {
        "kind": "exclusion",
        "origin": "london-market",
        "favours": "insurer",
        "negotiability": "standard",
        "standardWordings": [
          "Institute War Clauses (Cargo) 2009",
          "Institute Strikes Clauses (Cargo) 2009"
        ]
      },
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-09-03",
      "generated": {
        "by": "cursor-agent/claude-sonnet-5",
        "at": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "verified": [
        {
          "by": "human:ghesse",
          "at": "2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z",
          "method": null
        }
      ],
      "staleAfter": null,
      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/klausel/institute-war-and-strikes-clauses/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/clause/institute-war-and-strikes-clauses/",
      "body": "## Zweck\n\nKriegs-, Bürgerkriegs-, Aufruhr- und Streikrisiken sind unter den Institute Cargo Clauses stets ausgeschlossen, da sie ein grundlegend anderes Risikoprofil als gewöhnliche Transportgefahren aufweisen. Die Institute War Clauses und die eng verwandten Institute Strikes Clauses stellen diesen Schutz als eigenständige, gesondert zu prämierende Zusatzdeckung bereit und definieren den Umfang der eingeschlossenen politischen und arbeitskampfbedingten Gefahren im Detail.\n\n## Wirkung und Grenzen\n\nDa im Bestand aktuell keine dedizierte Marine-Cargo-Deckung existiert, wird als naheliegendstes Objekt cov-yachtversicherung referenziert, obwohl die Klauseln ursprünglich für den gewerblichen Seetransport entwickelt wurden. Beide Klauselwerke enthalten eine automatische Beendigungsklausel bei Ausbruch von Krieg zwischen bestimmten Grossmächten sowie kurze Kündigungsfristen, sodass der Versicherungsschutz bei eskalierenden geopolitischen Lagen rasch entfallen kann; eine Weiterführung der Deckung muss dann gesondert neu verhandelt werden.\n\n## Verhandlung und Praxis\n\nDa die Kündigungsmechanismen der War Clauses regelmässig kürzer sind als jene der Grunddeckung, sollten Transportversicherte bei Lieferketten durch Krisenregionen frühzeitig prüfen, ob eine automatische Beendigung droht und ob alternative Deckungswege, etwa über Political-Risk-Versicherer, verfügbar sind. Für Reise- und Terrorrisiken ausserhalb des Marinebereichs verweist die verwandte clause-war-terrorism-travel auf vergleichbare Ausschlussmechanismen."
    }
  }
}