{
  "id": "clause-institute-cargo-clauses",
  "type": "clause",
  "languages": {
    "en": {
      "id": "clause-institute-cargo-clauses",
      "lang": "en",
      "type": "clause",
      "title": "Institute Cargo Clauses (A/B/C)",
      "shortDefinition": "The Institute Cargo Clauses are the London market's standard wordings for marine cargo insurance, offering tiered levels of cover from comprehensive (A) through named perils (B) to basic cover (C).",
      "synonyms": [
        "ICC A/B/C"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "Marine cargo insurance"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [
        "Global"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "London Market",
        "Marine"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [
          "cov-yachtversicherung"
        ],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": {
        "kind": "definition",
        "origin": "london-market",
        "favours": "neutral",
        "negotiability": "standard",
        "standardWordings": [
          "Institute Cargo Clauses (A) 2009",
          "Institute Cargo Clauses (B) 2009",
          "Institute Cargo Clauses (C) 2009"
        ]
      },
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-09-03",
      "generated": {
        "by": "cursor-agent/claude-sonnet-5",
        "at": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "verified": [
        {
          "by": "human:ghesse",
          "at": "2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z",
          "method": null
        }
      ],
      "staleAfter": null,
      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/clause/institute-cargo-clauses-a-b-c/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/klausel/institute-cargo-clauses-a-b-c/",
      "body": "## Purpose\n\nThe Institute Cargo Clauses (ICC), last revised in 2009 and issued by the Joint Cargo Committee of the London market, are the most widely used standard wordings worldwide for insuring goods in transit. They comprise three tiered variants: ICC (A) provides comprehensive \"all risks\" cover subject to named exclusions, while ICC (B) and ICC (C) restrict cover to progressively narrower, expressly listed perils, with (C) representing the lowest level of cover.\n\n## Effect and limits\n\nAs no dedicated marine cargo coverage currently exists in the register, cov-yachtversicherung is referenced here as the nearest available object, even though the ICC were originally developed for commercial goods transported by sea, land and air. All three variants share common exclusions for wilful misconduct, ordinary wear and tear, inadequate packing, and war or strikes risks, which must be separately added back through the Institute War Clauses or Institute Strikes Clauses.\n\n## Negotiation and practice\n\nWhen choosing between the three variants, the relationship between premium and scope of cover should be assessed: ICC (A) is advisable for high-value or fragile goods, whereas ICC (C) may suffice for robust bulk cargo with lower transit risk. Because the clauses are copyrighted London market wordings, the current Institute Clauses text should always be consulted in any specific case rather than relying on a paraphrase."
    },
    "de": {
      "id": "clause-institute-cargo-clauses",
      "lang": "de",
      "type": "clause",
      "title": "Institute Cargo Clauses (A/B/C)",
      "shortDefinition": "Die Institute Cargo Clauses sind die im London Market üblichen Standardbedingungen für die Transportversicherung von Waren, mit abgestufter Deckung von umfassend (A) über benannte Gefahren (B) bis zu Grunddeckung (C).",
      "synonyms": [
        "ICC A/B/C",
        "Institute Cargo Clauses"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "Transportversicherung"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [
        "Global"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "London Market",
        "Marine"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [
          "cov-yachtversicherung"
        ],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": {
        "kind": "definition",
        "origin": "london-market",
        "favours": "neutral",
        "negotiability": "standard",
        "standardWordings": [
          "Institute Cargo Clauses (A) 2009",
          "Institute Cargo Clauses (B) 2009",
          "Institute Cargo Clauses (C) 2009"
        ]
      },
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-09-03",
      "generated": {
        "by": "cursor-agent/claude-sonnet-5",
        "at": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "verified": [
        {
          "by": "human:ghesse",
          "at": "2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z",
          "method": null
        }
      ],
      "staleAfter": null,
      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/klausel/institute-cargo-clauses-a-b-c/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/clause/institute-cargo-clauses-a-b-c/",
      "body": "## Zweck\n\nDie Institute Cargo Clauses (ICC), zuletzt 2009 überarbeitet und vom Joint Cargo Committee des London Market herausgegeben, bilden die weltweit meistverwendeten Standardbedingungen für die Versicherung von Transportgütern. Sie bestehen aus drei abgestuften Varianten: ICC (A) bietet eine umfassende «All-Risks»-Deckung mit benannten Ausschlüssen, ICC (B) und ICC (C) beschränken den Schutz auf jeweils enger gefasste, ausdrücklich aufgezählte Gefahren, wobei (C) die geringste Deckungsstufe darstellt.\n\n## Wirkung und Grenzen\n\nDa im Bestand aktuell keine eigenständige Marine-Cargo-Deckung existiert, wird hier als naheliegendstes Objekt cov-yachtversicherung referenziert, obwohl die ICC ursprünglich für den gewerblichen Gütertransport zur See, zu Land und in der Luft entwickelt wurden. Alle drei Varianten enthalten einheitliche Ausschlüsse für vorsätzliches Fehlverhalten, gewöhnlichen Verschleiss, unzureichende Verpackung und Kriegs- beziehungsweise Streikrisiken, die gesondert über die Institute War Clauses beziehungsweise Institute Strikes Clauses eingeschlossen werden müssen.\n\n## Verhandlung und Praxis\n\nBei der Wahl zwischen den drei Varianten ist das Verhältnis von Prämie zu Deckungsumfang zu prüfen: ICC (A) empfiehlt sich für hochwertige oder bruchempfindliche Güter, während ICC (C) für robuste Massengüter mit geringem Transportrisiko ausreichen kann. Da die Klauseln urheberrechtlich geschützte Wordings des London Market sind, sollte im Einzelfall stets der aktuelle Institute-Clauses-Text herangezogen werden statt sich auf eine Paraphrase zu verlassen."
    }
  }
}