{
  "id": "clause-cross-liability",
  "type": "clause",
  "languages": {
    "en": {
      "id": "clause-cross-liability",
      "lang": "en",
      "type": "clause",
      "title": "Cross Liability Clause",
      "shortDefinition": "A clause in multi-party policies that applies cover separately to each insured, so that a claim brought by one co-insured against another co-insured under the same policy is covered.",
      "synonyms": [
        "Severability of Interest Clause",
        "Separation of Insureds Clause"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "Liability",
        "Construction"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [
        "Global"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Liability Insurance",
        "Cross Liability"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [
          "cov-betriebshaftpflicht",
          "cov-car-ear"
        ],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": {
        "kind": "extension",
        "origin": "international-programme",
        "favours": "insured",
        "negotiability": "negotiable",
        "standardWordings": [
          "market-standard cross-liability/severability of interest clause (separation of insureds condition in international liability and construction policies)"
        ]
      },
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-09-03",
      "generated": {
        "by": "cursor-agent/claude-sonnet-5",
        "at": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "verified": [
        {
          "by": "human:ghesse",
          "at": "2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z",
          "method": null
        }
      ],
      "staleAfter": null,
      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/clause/cross-liability-clause/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/klausel/cross-liability-klausel/",
      "body": "## Purpose\n\nIn policies covering several jointly insured parties – for example consortium agreements, joint ventures, or construction projects where the main contractor and subcontractors are co-insured – the question arises whether one co-insured can bring a claim against another co-insured under the same policy. The cross liability clause makes clear that cover applies to each insured as if it were the only named insured, so that such claims between co-insureds are, in principle, covered.\n\n## Effect and limits\n\nThe clause allows the insurer to defend the co-insured against whom the claim is made and settle the loss, without increasing the policy's overall limit of indemnity. Some insurers narrow this effect through an express cross-suits or insured-versus-insured exclusion, which specifically bars claims between named co-insureds; reviewing this interplay is essential to establishing the actual scope of cover.\n\n## Negotiation and practice\n\nIn international construction and consortium programmes, policyholders should confirm that no cross-suits exclusion undermines the clause's effect, and that severability of interest also applies to the application of exclusions, so that each insured is assessed separately. This is particularly relevant for owner- or contractor-controlled wrap-up programmes and consortium agreements with mutual hold-harmless arrangements between project partners."
    },
    "de": {
      "id": "clause-cross-liability",
      "lang": "de",
      "type": "clause",
      "title": "Cross-Liability-Klausel",
      "shortDefinition": "Klausel in Mehrparteien-Policen, die die Deckung so gestaltet, dass sie gegenüber jedem Versicherten separat gilt und dadurch Ansprüche eines Mitversicherten gegen einen anderen Mitversicherten derselben Police gedeckt sind.",
      "synonyms": [
        "Severability-of-Interest-Klausel",
        "Separation-of-Insureds-Klausel"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "Haftpflicht",
        "Bau"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [
        "Global"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Haftpflichtversicherung",
        "Cross-Liability"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [
          "cov-betriebshaftpflicht",
          "cov-car-ear"
        ],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": {
        "kind": "extension",
        "origin": "international-programme",
        "favours": "insured",
        "negotiability": "negotiable",
        "standardWordings": [
          "marktübliche Cross-Liability-/Severability-of-Interest-Klausel (Separation-of-Insureds-Bedingung in internationalen Haftpflicht- und Bauwesenpolicen)"
        ]
      },
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-09-03",
      "generated": {
        "by": "cursor-agent/claude-sonnet-5",
        "at": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "verified": [
        {
          "by": "human:ghesse",
          "at": "2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z",
          "method": null
        }
      ],
      "staleAfter": null,
      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/klausel/cross-liability-klausel/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/clause/cross-liability-clause/",
      "body": "## Zweck\n\nIn Policen mit mehreren gemeinsam versicherten Parteien – etwa Konsortialverträgen, Arbeitsgemeinschaften oder Bauprojekten mit Haupt- und Nachunternehmern als Mitversicherte – stellt sich die Frage, ob ein Mitversicherter einen Anspruch gegen einen anderen Mitversicherten derselben Police geltend machen kann. Die Cross-Liability-Klausel stellt klar, dass die Deckung gegenüber jedem Versicherten so gilt, als wäre er der einzige Versicherungsnehmer, sodass derartige Ansprüche zwischen Mitversicherten grundsätzlich gedeckt sind.\n\n## Wirkung und Grenzen\n\nDie Klausel ermöglicht es dem Versicherer, den in Anspruch genommenen Mitversicherten gegenüber dem anspruchstellenden Mitversicherten zu verteidigen und den Schaden zu regulieren, ohne dass die Gesamtversicherungssumme der Police dadurch erhöht wird. Einige Versicherer schränken diese Wirkung durch einen ausdrücklichen Cross-Suits- oder Insured-versus-Insured-Ausschluss wieder ein, der Ansprüche zwischen benannten Mitversicherten gezielt ausschliesst; die Prüfung dieses Wechselspiels ist für die tatsächliche Deckungswirkung entscheidend.\n\n## Verhandlung und Praxis\n\nBei internationalen Bau- und Konsortialprogrammen sollten Versicherungsnehmer sicherstellen, dass kein Cross-Suits-Ausschluss die Wirkung der Klausel unterläuft, und dass die Severability of Interest auch für die Anwendung von Ausschlüssen gilt, sodass jeder Mitversicherte separat beurteilt wird. Dies ist besonders relevant bei OCIP/CCIP-Sammelpolicen und Konsortialverträgen mit wechselseitigen Freistellungsvereinbarungen zwischen den Projektpartnern."
    }
  }
}