{
  "id": "clause-arbitration-clause-reinsurance",
  "type": "clause",
  "languages": {
    "en": {
      "id": "clause-arbitration-clause-reinsurance",
      "lang": "en",
      "type": "clause",
      "title": "Arbitration Clause (Reinsurance)",
      "shortDefinition": "The arbitration clause obliges the cedent and reinsurer to resolve disputes arising from the treaty through private arbitration rather than before state courts.",
      "synonyms": [
        "Arbitration agreement"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "Reinsurance"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [
        "Global"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Reinsurance",
        "Dispute resolution"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [
          "term-treaty-reinsurance",
          "term-reinsurer",
          "term-cedent"
        ],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [
          "term-treaty-reinsurance"
        ],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": {
        "kind": "condition",
        "origin": "reinsurance-market",
        "favours": "neutral",
        "negotiability": "standard",
        "standardWordings": []
      },
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-09-03",
      "generated": {
        "by": "cursor-agent/claude-sonnet-5",
        "at": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "verified": [
        {
          "by": "human:ghesse",
          "at": "2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z",
          "method": null
        }
      ],
      "staleAfter": null,
      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/clause/arbitration-clause-reinsurance/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/klausel/arbitration-klausel-rueckversicherung/",
      "body": "## Purpose\n\nReinsurance treaties are often cross-border, technically complex and based on market customs that state courts do not always understand. The arbitration clause refers disputes to an arbitral tribunal with industry-experienced arbitrators, often under the rules of bodies such as ARIAS or the ICC, instead of the ordinary courts.\n\n## Effect and limits\n\nArbitration offers confidentiality, neutrality between international parties and the ability to appoint arbitrators with technical expertise. The award is generally final and subject only to limited judicial review. The clause largely excludes recourse to the ordinary courts for the disputes it covers; exceptions usually relate to interim relief or enforcement.\n\n## Negotiation and practice\n\nKey negotiation points are the seat and procedural law of the tribunal, the number and qualification of arbitrators (often industry experts rather than lawyers), and the interplay with the treaty's jurisdiction and choice-of-law clause. For international programmes, consistency with the dispute resolution clauses of the original policy should be checked."
    },
    "de": {
      "id": "clause-arbitration-clause-reinsurance",
      "lang": "de",
      "type": "clause",
      "title": "Arbitration-Klausel (Rückversicherung)",
      "shortDefinition": "Die Arbitration-Klausel verpflichtet Zedent und Rückversicherer, Streitigkeiten aus dem Vertrag nicht vor staatlichen Gerichten, sondern in einem privaten Schiedsverfahren zu klären.",
      "synonyms": [
        "Schiedsklausel"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "Rückversicherung"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [
        "Global"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Rückversicherung",
        "Streitbeilegung"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [
          "term-treaty-reinsurance",
          "term-reinsurer",
          "term-cedent"
        ],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [
          "term-treaty-reinsurance"
        ],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": {
        "kind": "condition",
        "origin": "reinsurance-market",
        "favours": "neutral",
        "negotiability": "standard",
        "standardWordings": []
      },
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-09-03",
      "generated": {
        "by": "cursor-agent/claude-sonnet-5",
        "at": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "verified": [
        {
          "by": "human:ghesse",
          "at": "2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z",
          "method": null
        }
      ],
      "staleAfter": null,
      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/klausel/arbitration-klausel-rueckversicherung/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/clause/arbitration-clause-reinsurance/",
      "body": "## Zweck\n\nRückversicherungsverträge sind oft grenzüberschreitend, technisch komplex und beruhen auf Marktgebräuchen, die staatliche Gerichte nicht immer kennen. Die Arbitration-Klausel verweist Streitigkeiten an ein Schiedsgericht mit branchenerfahrenen Schiedsrichtern, häufig nach Regeln von Institutionen wie ARIAS oder ICC, statt an ordentliche Gerichte.\n\n## Wirkung und Grenzen\n\nSchiedsverfahren bieten Vertraulichkeit, Neutralität bei internationalen Parteien und die Möglichkeit, fachkundige Schiedsrichter zu bestellen. Der Schiedsspruch ist in der Regel endgültig und nur eingeschränkt gerichtlich überprüfbar. Die Klausel schliesst den ordentlichen Rechtsweg für die erfassten Streitigkeiten weitgehend aus; Ausnahmen betreffen meist einstweilige Massnahmen oder die Vollstreckung.\n\n## Verhandlung und Praxis\n\nZentrale Verhandlungspunkte sind Sitz und anwendbares Verfahrensrecht des Schiedsgerichts, Anzahl und Qualifikation der Schiedsrichter (häufig Branchenexperten statt Juristen) sowie das Verhältnis zur Gerichtsstands- und Rechtswahlklausel des Vertrags. Bei internationalen Programmen ist auf Konsistenz mit den Streitbeilegungsklauseln der Originalpolice zu achten."
    }
  }
}