{
  "id": "clause-arbitration-clause-international",
  "type": "clause",
  "languages": {
    "en": {
      "id": "clause-arbitration-clause-international",
      "lang": "en",
      "type": "clause",
      "title": "Arbitration Clause",
      "shortDefinition": "The arbitration clause requires the parties to resolve disputes under an international policy or reinsurance contract through private arbitration with an agreed seat and procedural rules, rather than before national courts.",
      "synonyms": [
        "Arbitration Clause (International Programmes)"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "International programmes",
        "Reinsurance"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [
        "Global"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "London Market",
        "Dispute resolution"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [
          "cov-property-all-risks",
          "term-treaty-reinsurance"
        ],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": {
        "kind": "condition",
        "origin": "london-market",
        "favours": "neutral",
        "negotiability": "negotiable",
        "standardWordings": []
      },
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-09-03",
      "generated": {
        "by": "cursor-agent/claude-sonnet-5",
        "at": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "verified": [
        {
          "by": "human:ghesse",
          "at": "2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z",
          "method": null
        }
      ],
      "staleAfter": null,
      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/clause/arbitration-clause-international-programmes/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/klausel/arbitration-klausel-internationale-programme/",
      "body": "## Purpose\n\nIn international programmes and reinsurance contracts involving parties from different jurisdictions, participants often want a neutral, confidential dispute resolution process independent of the particularities of any single national court. The arbitration clause fixes the seat of arbitration (often London), the applicable procedural rules (such as ARIAS or LCIA), and the number and appointment of arbitrators for this purpose.\n\n## Effect and limits\n\nAn arbitral award is generally final and subject to only limited judicial review, which provides legal certainty but largely excludes recourse to ordinary courts. Enforcement of foreign awards is, thanks to the New York Convention, considerably easier in most states than enforcement of foreign court judgments, which makes the clause particularly attractive in cross-border programmes. In some jurisdictions, however, mandatory rules restrict or exclude arbitration clauses for certain classes of insurance relationship.\n\n## Negotiation and practice\n\nWhen drafting, clear provisions on the language of proceedings, the applicable substantive law (which may differ from the seat of arbitration), and allocation of costs are important. In group programmes it is advisable to align the arbitration clause between the master and local policies and with a separate choice of law and jurisdiction clause to avoid inconsistencies."
    },
    "de": {
      "id": "clause-arbitration-clause-international",
      "lang": "de",
      "type": "clause",
      "title": "Arbitration-Klausel (internationale Programme)",
      "shortDefinition": "Die Arbitration-Klausel verpflichtet die Parteien, Streitigkeiten aus einer internationalen Police oder einem Rückversicherungsvertrag statt vor staatlichen Gerichten in einem privaten Schiedsverfahren mit festgelegtem Sitz und Verfahrensregeln beizulegen.",
      "synonyms": [
        "Arbitration Clause",
        "Schiedsklausel"
      ],
      "linesOfBusiness": [
        "Internationale Programme",
        "Rückversicherung"
      ],
      "jurisdictions": [
        "Global"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "London Market",
        "Streitbeilegung"
      ],
      "relations": {
        "relatedTerms": [],
        "partOf": [],
        "appliesTo": [
          "cov-property-all-risks",
          "term-treaty-reinsurance"
        ],
        "regulatedBy": [],
        "relevantFor": [],
        "insurableVia": [],
        "mitigatedBy": [],
        "comprises": [],
        "alternativeTo": [],
        "complementedBy": []
      },
      "attribute": null,
      "profile": null,
      "coverageProfile": null,
      "clause": {
        "kind": "condition",
        "origin": "london-market",
        "favours": "neutral",
        "negotiability": "negotiable",
        "standardWordings": []
      },
      "legalBasis": [],
      "standards": [],
      "reviewStatus": "expert-reviewed",
      "reviewedBy": "Guido Hesse, Hesse Group Holding AG",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-09-04",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-09-03",
      "generated": {
        "by": "cursor-agent/claude-sonnet-5",
        "at": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "verified": [
        {
          "by": "human:ghesse",
          "at": "2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z",
          "method": null
        }
      ],
      "staleAfter": null,
      "url": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/de/wissen/klausel/arbitration-klausel-internationale-programme/",
      "alternateUrl": "https://hgh.ch/lexikon/en/knowledge/clause/arbitration-clause-international-programmes/",
      "body": "## Zweck\n\nIn internationalen Programmen und Rückversicherungsverträgen mit Parteien aus unterschiedlichen Rechtsordnungen wünschen die Beteiligten häufig ein neutrales, vertrauliches und von den Eigenheiten eines bestimmten nationalen Gerichts unabhängiges Streitbeilegungsverfahren. Die Arbitration-Klausel legt hierfür den Sitz des Schiedsverfahrens (oft London), die anwendbaren Verfahrensregeln (etwa ARIAS oder LCIA) und die Zahl sowie Ernennung der Schiedsrichter fest.\n\n## Wirkung und Grenzen\n\nEin Schiedsspruch ist regelmässig endgültig und nur eingeschränkt gerichtlich überprüfbar, was Rechtssicherheit schafft, aber den Rechtsweg zu ordentlichen Gerichten weitgehend ausschliesst. Die Vollstreckung ausländischer Schiedssprüche ist dank des New Yorker Übereinkommens in den meisten Staaten deutlich einfacher als jene ausländischer Gerichtsurteile, was die Klausel in grenzüberschreitenden Programmen besonders attraktiv macht. In einigen Rechtsordnungen bestehen jedoch zwingende Vorschriften, die eine Schiedsklausel für bestimmte Versicherungsverhältnisse einschränken oder ausschliessen.\n\n## Verhandlung und Praxis\n\nBei der Formulierung ist auf klare Regelungen zu Verfahrenssprache, anwendbarem materiellem Recht (das vom Sitz des Schiedsverfahrens abweichen kann) und Kostentragung zu achten. In Konzernprogrammen empfiehlt sich eine Abstimmung der Arbitration-Klausel zwischen Master- und Lokalpolicen sowie mit einer separaten Choice-of-Law- und Jurisdiction-Klausel, um Widersprüche zu vermeiden."
    }
  }
}